Links to useful sources about smiley face.

• Smily ( also smiley) in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society, Volume 9, Part 1, page 274

• Gregory Toy ad [The Gregory Rubber Co Akron, Ohio] from page 20 of The Billboard

• Toys and Novelties Volume 19(1922) Smiley

• 1923 "Smiley Face" ad from Playthings magazine

• The RURAL NEW-YORKER: Selling, Cherries in Pie Packages-Where the Roadside Stand Helped This May Be a Suggestion for You

• Ad for The Cherry Hut Traverse City Record-Eagle Traverse City, Michigan, Page 23

• AD for “SMILEY” Button

• A smiling face in a bowl of Kix! in a 1953 Episode of "Ding Dong School"

• AD Vintage Mitchell Beer Commercial with a smiley (before 1957)

• Look at this smiley in this Mitchell Premium Beer ad in 1950s Commercial Animation Reel (before 1957)

• Congratulations a friendly salute to Mitchell Brewing Company for winning its Certificate of Merit in the recent Annual Exhibit of the New York Art Directors (before 1957)

• Do-It-Yourself, Carnival by Jane McHenry

• 85TH CONGRESS 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Report No. 2660--Rocket launcher procurement -- THE MILITARY OPERATIONS SUBCOMMITTEE (Smiley launchers)

• Free -Smiley Sun Halloween Masks at the Midland cooperative. No purchase necessary

• Galloping Ghosts! by Bill Ross

• Highlightes of 'School Are Varied

• Spooky, Smiley Cookies

• 1962 Television commercial for Ballantine Beer "Little Man--No Beer" look for six smiley faces in a row

• US trademark 764,727 Feb 11, 1964, The Funny Company Ser. No. 164,341, file Mar. 11, 1963 First Use Jan 10, 1963 -- link to Registration Certificate

• New York 'Good Guys' Show Way With Station "Team' Idea[WMCA good guys sweatshirt]

• The Funny Company (1963)

• Metropolitan cook book by Metropolitan Life Insurance Company(full of smiling faces)

• AD The Big Show Pick a Prize KLASTV CBS 8

• THE CIRCLE GROWS(WMCA "Good Guys" sweatshirt)

• Button Helps Firms Gain 'Smile' Image

• AD Free Crazy Day Smile Buttons

• Structural Metals, Ins(I am SNIley AD)

• YOU . . . ARE INVITED TO OUR Grand Opening of the Happy Face of Bill Price Buick Inc

• AD for Large Smiley Pumpkin

• The Ryatts(10-30-1968) joke about a halloween mask

• 101 masks; false faces and make-up for all ages, all occasions --8 Smiley The Weeper

• We're Smiling at South Jersey Gas Company AD

• Campaign Working: Smiles and Courtesy Burst Out All Over

• Resort Ripples Button Up Your Smile

• ad for a Snack Hound. Unique dish for nuts, candy, pretzels. 18" overall. Smile-y face, pert tail. Wood. $2.

• Town Of Smiles

• Smile Campaign Given Pretty Boost --

• Gas Workers Become Spreaders Of Cheer By Norton Moekridge

• SMILE Ripples Across Earth(part 1)

• SMILE Ripples Across Earth(part 2)

• "'UNICEF "SMILE'" in The Newton Graphic, December 1970 p 48

• Sweefwater/Jeane Hughes,Chula Vista Star-News,  Chula Vista, California,  Sun, Jan 24, 1971, Page 16

• Students seek funds for [Orange County Community College] OCCC scholarship

• New in New York LILLIAN ROXON reports

• Resort Launches Campaign As ‘Friendliest Eastern City’

• Smiling faces

• AD for Smiley Shirt

• A Little Smile That's Going Places

• AD for Smiley Pastrys

• "Everybody's Putting on a Happy Face "

• 250 ATTEND JAZZ CONCERT AT LONG PARK --- Buddy Rich A Bright Spot on A Rainy Evening

• SMILE spreading: School group's idea seeks to promote kindliness.

• Sonny Side Up: SMILE Means Love

• Who originated that smiling face that is turning up on everything from pins to shirts, and inflatable pillows and even checkbooks?

• Put On A Happy Face, Time, August 30, 1971, Page 36

• Ad for Smiley watches

• LATEST NATIONAL FAD Smiling Faces Now Appear On Everything From Ear Screws To Blue Jeans in Lubbock Avalanche-Journal, Lubbock, TX

• Ad for Smiley Waste Bssket

• AD of Gaylords

• Smile" Buttons Aren't Anything New

9/11/1971

• Insurance Firms Claim 'Smile Button' Credit.

• Put on a Happy Face

• Origin Debated: Smile Buttons Now National Rage

• The great grin is growing

• Crazy way to bring out the smiles

• AD for Smiley Decorator Throw Pillows

• Smiley Face Finds Favor With Students by Kristine Johnson Staff Writer-- Denton Daily Lass-o, Denton, Texas

• Novelty Rugs- with Smiley Rug

• Their 'Smile Face' --- A Booming Fad

• Linda Peters’ Baby Book Best.

• Smiles Hit City On Pins Faces.

• As for Mister Big Disount World

• Smiley, Swirley Cookies Happy-Day Cookies

• Think Happy

• Put on A Happy Face

• The New Happy Face: Even Politicians Know Its Value

• AD for SMILEY PENDANT WATCH OR SMILEY STRAP WATCH

• An AD for Helzberg Anniversary Sale

• Mainland Graduates Together or Last High School Social.

• Frowns Still Free? -- Smiles Cost Money

• Dorcas Gala Aids Hospital

• Tie world's biggest SMILE.

• When You ☺ the Whole World ☺ With You, The New York Times

• Smile Button Mania Spreads; So Do Smiles.

• Students put on happy face by Jeff House

• AD for Mr Quick's Happiness club

• Increasing PopularityOf Smiley Faces Noted

• Alamance Notebook...By Don Bolden Happy Face (smiley) Local Beginning Burlington Daily Times News, Burlington, North Carolina,

• Put On A Happy "Smile"

• Fad waning, but Smiley's still with us

• THE LITTLE WOMAN "put on your smile button and we'll open the bills!"

• A BOXFUL OF SMILES

• Ad for the Mountain Savings and Loan Association

• AN AD for THE LATEST RAGE! -- "Smile" Mugs

• Richard Scarry's storybook dictionary(SMILEY CROCODILE)

• A letter From The Publisher (Time)

• Ad for SMILEY FACE RUBBER STAMPS

• The smile button: It's Enough to Man Cry

• The smile button: It's Enough to Man Cry(part 2)

• Those Smile Buttons Are Here To Stay

• Grew Up Promoting Education: Simple Slogan, Smile Is Now Four Years Old

• Muggs & Skeeter (Jul 5, 1972)

• Where Did 'Smiley' Come From?,

• Smiley-Face Candles Be Sold By Students.

• 4-H activities

• New look for Sidney through supergraphics

• Water tank painting to be finished in July

• Any alternatives?(part 1)

• Any alternatives?(part 2)

• Letters to the editor ‘Smiley face' insult to city nation

• ‘Clown picture' waste of money

• ‘Smiley face’ not true American symbol:To the editor

• Council opts for ‘Sidney’ on water tank; ‘smiley face’ gone

• People should have say in municipal business

• Leftover paint and yellow-bellied sapsuckers.

• Letter to the editor Defends “smiley face” as happy image

• Inquiring photographer

• Calumet City got Its second smiling face recently, when city officials authorized the painting...

• Smiley face' returns

• "'Smiley face’ strikes back" Sidney Daily News, Sidney, Ohio,

• ‘Smiley face’ too outdated commercialized

• The World book dictionary (smiley)

• Webster's third new international dictionary of the English language, unabridged (smiley)

• Sky no limit for water towers

• Sky no limit for water towers(part 2)

• Water Tower In Ind. Wears Smile, Tie

• The Worldbook dictionary - Smiley

• A Bo-K Of Balloons For Your Valentine.

• These Games Will Drive You Berzerk

• Webster's encyclopedia of dictionaries : 12 complete dictionaries in one : nearly 150,000 entries for school, home, office (-ily, -Ighly: drily, Filey, highly, Reilly, Rilely, shyly, slily, smiley, wily, wryly.)

• This teacher is a real clown

• Webster's ninth new collegiate dictionary(smiley)

• (The Funny Company) page 114 Children's television, the first thirty-five years, 1946-1981 : Woolery, George W., 1931-

• Frank and Ernest handwriting analysis

• Webster's ninth new collegiate dictionary(smiley)

• Youths Pin Hopes on Button Company's Growth

• Smile Buttons - American fads by Richard A Johnson, 1985, p 121-124

• Smiley in A Supplement to the Oxford English dictionary

• Smile signs inform drivers

• Guru of cheer

• Acid house: A music rage and outrage

• Acid house: A music rage and outrage(part 2)

• Smiles are back in style '60s grins sunny up buttons, boxer shorts

• Face it! Smiley Face is back and now it's saying more than just 'have a nice day.'

• Face it! Smiley Face is back and now it's saying more than just 'have a nice day.'(part 2)

• The Happy Face Has a Nice New Day

• Smiley faces are back — and much brasher

• Don’t Worry, Be Happy -- Read' theme of Anna’s Right to Read Week.

• Smiley Face: the Rebirth (And Re-death?) Of a Pop Trend

• Tacky' San Franciscan awash in sea of smiley-faces

• NTC's dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions (smiley)

• Smiley face: It's punch-out time

• Suburb's chipper logo grins in face of doom

• Suburb's chipper logo grins in face of doom (part 2)

• Help finding the origin of a familiar face

• The Oxford dictionary of new words : a popular guide to words in the news -- smiley

• Webster's ninth new collegiate dictionary(smiley)

• Who invented the smiley face? ( Straight Dope)

• The smiley face is way off base Reading Eagle

• The Smiley dictionary by Godin, Seth

• Smileys: Over 650, Compiled by David Sanderson, the Noah Webster of Smileys

• The Oxford English minidictionary (smiley)

• Oxford dictionary and thesaurus (smiley)

• The 1996 World Book year book : the annual supplement to the World Book encyclopedia : a review of the events of 1995 (what is net speak?)

• Worcester proclaims itself birthplace of 'smiley face' 

• Random House compact unabridged dictionary (smiley)

• Random House Webster's unabridged dictionary (smiley)

•  WMCA: Fabulous 57: The Good Guys --A Rewound Radio Educational Web Site

7/7/1998

• Unhappy times for smiley artist :The man who created the smiley face symbol finds out someone else holds the trademark

• Artists Dispute Exactly Who Created Smiley Face.

• Two claim creation of smiley face

• Smiley face tops Americans' choice for '70s symbols

• Astronomy Picture of the Day(Happy Face[AKA smiley face] Crater on Mars)

• Kids help design Mt. Laurel slogan :Their ideas are incorporated into art that will appear on Rt. 73 water tower

• Random House Webster's concise college dictionary (smiley)

• Celebrity contestants get really bugged[Dick Clark hosts "American Classics” (8 pm History Channel nightly [Tuesday] through Friday TV-G)  a four night roundup... Thursday looks at symbols like the smiley face

• History of Smiley, Harvey Ball and World Smile Day®[Dick Clark hosts "American Classics” the smiley face]

• Random House Webster's unabridged dictionary (smiley)

• Webster's American dictionary : college edition

• Cassell's dictionary of slang (smiley)

• Webster's universal college dictionary

• Webster's concise desk dictionary (smiley)

• Longman dictionary of contemporary English : new words (smiley)

• Computer and Internet dictionary for ages 9 to 99 (smiley)

• The Oxford dictionary of catchphrases (don't worry, be happy)

• FORM 20-F (UNITED BISCUITS FINANCE PLC) see We were involved in multiple lawsuits in France over the “smiley face” trademark we use in the mini BN products we market in France

• Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary(smiley).

• DK illustrated Oxford dictionary (smiley)

•  Heavy Metal Madness: Put on a Happy Face!

• FORM F-4(United Biscuits Finance plc) see Legal Proceedings (We were involved in multiple lawsuits in France over the "smiley face" trademark we use in the mini BN products we market in France.....)

• Towns with Smiley Face water towers

• The Cambridge guide to English usage (smiley)

• FORM 20-F (UNITED BISCUITS FINANCE PLC) see We were involved in multiple lawsuits in France over the “smiley face” trademark we use in the mini BN products we market in France

• Smiley Lore :-) BY Scott E. Fahlman

• Original Bboard Thread in which :-) was proposed

• Webster's new explorer dictionary (smiley)

• The Oxford dictionary of American English(smiley)

• Scott's Wal-Mart In Trademark Clash Over Smiley Face

• Wal-Mart seeks smiley face rights

• Wal-Mart not joking with smiley face lawsuit

• Trademark Blog Have A Nice Day

• Wal-Mart fights to keep the smiley face: Retail giant says symbol personifies its price-reducing policy, but London-based firm says it secured rights years ago.

• A smiley face goes a long way

• Who REALLY invented the Smilies (the Smiley face)-- Due to the article in the NY Times, yesterday, this subject has again become current.

• Wal-Mart, French Family Battle With Smiley Faces

• Smiley Face: How an in-house campaign became a global icon

• The last days of Wal-Mart’s smiley face

• A Cookie Controversy Sure to Make You Smile

• Score one for the good guys: Court rejects Wal-Mart’s trademark claim

• Smith v. Wal-Mart Stores

• Wal-Mart's Trademarked Smiley Face Turned Upside Down; Parody Isn't A Trademark Violation

• A design for life: Feelgood corporate logo, acid house icon and txt msg emoticon: one chirpy yellow emblem has kept grinning since the first summer of love. Jon Savage celebrates the life of Smiley

• Wal-Mart fights to keep the smiley face: Retail giant says symbol personifies its price-reducing policy, but London-based firm says it secured rights years ago.

• Wal-Mart Bests Loufrani in TTAB Battle over "Smiling Face" Mark

• SmileyWorld's Franklin Loufrani Suffers Setback in Quest for World Domination of the Smiley Face

• That'll wipe half a smile off your face ...

• Loufrani v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Case No. 09 C 3062, (N.D. Ill. Nov. 12, 2009) [Court Listener.]

• Smiley Company Frowns On Court’s Decision to Deny Motion to Dismiss

• TTAB's Loufrani v. Wal-Mart "SMILEY" Case Lands In Chicago Federal Court

• Plano-based Cookies by Design sued over smiley-face sweet

• Bakery Claims Trademark On Smiley Face Cookies; Sues Competing Cookie Firm -- from the where's-that-cookie-diet? dept

• Smiley ou l'histoire d'une OPA sur un sourire

• Trademark Appeal is Both a New Case & an Appeal

• A Few Good Guys – NEW

• I heart design : significant graphic design selected by designers, illustrators, and critics--The Happy Face

• Oxford dictionary of English (smiley)

• Sony, Astellas, Intel, Wal-Mart: Intellectual Property

• Making the Rounds With Santa Claus Smith: For six years, an elderly tramp toured the U.S., paying those who helped him with checks for sums of up to $900,000

• How old is smiley?

• Smiley's People (Radio 4): The million dollar smile

• Towns with Smiley Face Water Towers

• Who Really Invented the Smiley Face?

• Smiley Face - Worcester Historical Museum | Worcester Historical Museum

• Don't smirk -- it's no laughing matter: Who wiped the smile off Longport's face? (part 1)

• Don't smirk -- it's no laughing matter: Who wiped the smile off Longport's face? (part 2)

• Worcester celebrates a half-century of Smiley

• The First Emoticon May Have Appeared in ... 1648: The discovery would push back the pre-history of the emoticon by (at least) 200 years.

• smileys, emoticons, typewriter art

• Sorry, That’s Not an Emoticon in a 1648 Poem :(

• Trademark of Common Mathematical Symbol Creates Controversy

• World Smile Day® 1999 Harvey Ball & Smiley's Message - Smiley Stamp unveiling

• Scholastic children's dictionary (smiley)

• Can YOU tell the difference? Cookie war rages between two bakeries, one in Chicago and the other in Pennsylvania, which make VERY similar products

• Throwback Thursday: Eat'n Park Still Suing Over Smiley Face Cookies After All This Time - from the :( dept

• A history of the ‘Smiley face’:Lighthearted emblem dates back to 2500 BC

• Art Chantry Speaks: A Heretic's History of 20th Century Graphic Design--The Acrimonious History of the Happy Face

• The Smiley Face Was Invented for Corporate America

• The Smiley Face Was Invented in Massachusetts

• History of the Smiley Face Symbol

• SmileyWorld's CEO Nicolas Loufrani on plagiarism, the school market and a push for more toys

• La guerre fait rage entre « Wal Mart » et la France

• Why the (Smiley) Face? A Chat with Walmart’s CMO

• Walmart's Smiley is back after 10 years and a lawsuit

• A Brief History of the Smiley Face, Rave Culture's Most Ubiquitous Symbol

• the Merriam Webster Dictionary International Edition (smiley)

• Did a 17th century Slovakian lawyer invent the smiley face and the hashtag? Curators find the 'world's first emoji' in a 382-year-old memo

• World's Oldest Emoji Discovered? Scientists In Slovakia Say They Found 'Smiley Face Emoji'

• The abbot of the Židár monastery used a smiley nearly three hundred years ago

• BATMAN #21 | A TALE OF TWO COVERS AND LOUFRANI’S TRADEMARK

• Why DC Comics can’t use the most iconic Watchmen image outside of America

• DC Comics’ Legal Problem with the Comedian’s Iconic Badge

• The Man Behind the Smiley Face!

• History’s ‘oldest smile’ found on 4,000-year-old pot in Turkey

• World’s Oldest Smiley Face May Decorate a Hittite Jug:Researchers did not notice the cheery, 3,700-year-old expression until they restored the ceramic

• Smiley’s CEO wants to turn the emoji’s godfather from a licensing biz

• You Really Need to Stop Putting Smiley Faces in Work Emails

• Le père du smiley est français !

• Smiley – A brief history

• It Happens Here: Worcester, Home Of The Smiley Face – Or Is It?

• Nirvana sue designer Marc Jacobs over alleged copyright breach: Representatives of the band are suing the brand over a logo in its Redux Grunge collection

• Smiles Like Teen Spirit: “Smiley Face” Copyright and Trademark Litigation

• Smiles Like Teen Spirit: “Smiley Face” Copyright and Trademark Litigation

• United States: Smiles Like Teen Spirit: "Smiley Face" Copyright And Trademark Litigation

• Academie-francaise Dire, NE PAS Dire -- Smiley

• The Shockingly Large Business Behind the Iconic Smiley Face

• Why Justin Bieber, J Balvin and Miley Cyrus Are Obsessed With Smiley Faces in Fashion: Justin Bieber's brand Drew House, Alexander Wang's fall 2019 show and Miley Cyrus' Happy Hippie Foundation are all among the brands to embrace smiley faces in fashion.

• A Brief History of the Smiley

• From Nirvana and Marc Jacobs to the Smiley Co. and Walmart, the Enduring Fight for the Smiley Face

• The man behind the iconic smiley face logo, which is worth millions, was paid $45 for the original design.

• The Smiley Face by Vivian Le

• Judge Allows Nirvana’s Lawsuit Against Marc Jacobs to Proceed: Band accused fashion line of ripping off happy face logo on shirts for "Bootleg Redux Grunge" collection

• Marc Jacobs countersues Nirvana in T-shirt copyright dispute :Jacobs’ lawyers argue that case against him has ‘numerous deficiencies’, in dispute over smiley face logo that appears in his designs

• Ponderings with Doug- December 27, 2019

• The staying power of the smiley face

• The Surprising Beginnings of This Simple Design | Behind The HYPE: Smiley Face

• A Brief History Of The Smiley Face - The Journal - MR PORTER

• Here’s The Myth About The Creator of the “Smiley Face” Who Only Got Paid $45(?????)

• Who created Nirvana’s famed smiley-face logo? A legal battle gets a new claimant

• California Graphic Artist Claims He, Not Kurt Cobain, Created Nirvana’s Smiley Face Logo

• Artist files lawsuit after claiming he came up with Nirvana’s ‘smily face’ logo: "Artists deserve proper credit for their work"

• The Sm;)e Book uncovers the storied history of the iconic smiley symbol

• Smiley faces: the symbol of Tallahassee

• Nirvana company files another lawsuit over the band’s smiley face

• Singapore activist faces fine over one-man smiley face sign protest

• It Was Just Him and His Smiley Face. He’s Charged With Illegal Assembly.

• Singapore 'smiley-face' activist in one-man protest charged with unlawful assembly

• The hills look alive, with a giant smiley face

• High school senior cheers up Danville by hanging smiley faces

• It's grin out there: why have lockdown deniers co-opted the smiley face?:The blissed-out symbol of acid house has been given a new meaning in 2021. Should ravers be up in arms?

• Smiley face pin from University Federal Savings, 1967

• Smiley face on Norwich house still bringing joy after 50 years

• What is a Smiley (webopedia.)

• The Birth, Spread, and Evolution of the Smiley Emoticon

• The Happiest Face On Earth: A Brief History Of The Smiley

• A smiley face emerges from Oregon hillside every fall

• Let's make the 'smiley face' the international symbol of joy in 2022 | For What It's Worth

• French company and Wal-Mart square off over the smiley face: In the corporate battle over who gets to use the smiley face, it's not just who smiled first that counts, but also where they smiled and just how that smile was used

• Cambridge dictionary(online) smiley

• Nordstrom And Luxury Brands Help The Smiley Face Celebrate Its 50th Birthday

• The smiley turns 50—the unlikely origin and rise of a copyright worth millions

• The Smiley Company’s Evolution From Licensor to a €350m Lifestyle Brand

• How The Smiley Company has built a smiley face retail empire

• A 1963 Pfeiffer Premium Beer can ( Happy face) IMHO this looks like the classic smiley face

• Here's What The Face Emojis Actually Mean

• The French Smiley Emperors: The smiley was born in the United States, but a business-savvy Frenchman claimed the rights to it 50 years ago. Franklin Loufrani and his son Nicolas are now at the head of an international merchandising empire.

• Do you see a smile in the center of this daisy? It brightened this Canton family's day.

• The $500m smiley face business

• Creator of Worcester Monopoly board game suing artist over use of his smiley face mural

• WHERE ARE WEST MICHIGAN’S LARGEST SMILEY FACES?

• The photo shows a jug from 3700 years ago, which shows a pictogram with a smiling human face. It was discovered in 2017 by a team of Turkish-Italian

• Naegelin’s Bakery Bringing Happy Faces to the Hill Country Since 1868

• The True Story of The Smiley Face T-shirt

• Really? You Can NOT Use this Smiley Face Freely?

• Classic Chronicle: How the 'smiley face' was created

• We’ve been using smiley faces online for 40 years now. How did that become a thing?

• Fifty years and $500m: the happy business of the smiley symbol

• Here's Why JJ Draws The Smiley Face

• Smiley Program - The history of Harvey Ball's smiley.

• This Is the Strange (But True!) Origin of the Smiley Face

• The Smiley in Vietnam

• A SAD New Category of Abusive Intellectual Property Litigation-Columbia Law Review Forum (2023 Forthcoming)-Santa Clara Univ. Legal Studies Research Paper No. 4381824

• How A Missed Trademark Filing Resulted In The $500 Million Smiley Face For One Family

• The Smiley Face's History: Exploring a Joyful Symbol

• The smiley on the face of the tiger--The Lemon Fool

• smiley face(NOUN) -- Oxford English Dictionary(online)

• The Smiley Company is taking action against hundreds of German eBay and Etsy retailers

• Michigan Has More Smiley Face Water Towers Than Any Other State in America

• What Caused This Galactic Smiley Face?

• The Company that Sued 700 Small Businesses at Once || Understanding the SAD[Schedule A Defendants] Scheme

• The Smiley Company and its FRIVOLOUS lawsuits

• 60 years of the smiley - the history of the celebrated symbol

• The Etsy Sellers Getting Sued for Using a Smiley Face: When hundreds of people got hit by The Smiley Company for using its trademark, they decided to band together and fight back.

• Who Really Created Nirvana’s Smiley Face Logo? An Appeals Court Might Weigh In Soon: The grunge band is locked in a three-way intellectual property war with a fashion
  designer and a former record label employee over the lucrative image.

• Mayor of Smiley Town by Catherine Ward, Special to the Aspen Daily News.

• A celestial ‘smiley face’ will be visible to stargazers later this month

• Gen Z co-opted the smiley face emoji, but beware — it means something totally different to them